Baker Company needs $1 million to expand its existing plant. Baker management is considering the following two alternative forms of financing:

1. At the beginning of 2017, issue $1 million of convertible, 10‐year, 10 percent bonds. Each $1,000 bond can be converted into 20 shares of Baker $10 par value common stock. The conversion may take place any time after three years.

2. At the beginning of 2017, issue 10,000 shares of $100 par value, $10, redeemable preferred stock. The preferred is redeemable at $102 ten years from the date of issue.

Baker's management is concerned about the effects of the two alternatives on cash flows, their financial statements, and future financing for other planned expansion activities. Also, existing debt covenants restrict the debt‐to‐equity ratio to 2:1; $1 million in new debt would cause the debt‐to‐equity ratio to be close to 2:1. Baker believes that either the bonds or the preferred stock could be sold at par value. Their income tax rate is 34 percent.

Baker Company common stock is currently selling for $45 per share.

Required:

a. Discuss the theoretical and current U.S. GAAP treatments for convertible bonds.

b. Discuss the current U.S. GAAP treatment for redeemable preferred stock.

c. Compare the effects of the two financing alternatives on Baker Company's balance sheet, income statement, and cash flows under current U.S. GAAP. Your comparison should consider 2017 and future years, the potential conversion of the bonds, and the debt covenant restrictions.