Biochemical connections Suggest a suitable buffer range for each of the following substances:

(a) Lactic acid (pKa = 3.86) and its sodium salt

(b) Acetic acid (pKa = 4.76) and its sodium salt

(c) TRIS (pKa = 8.3; see Table 2.8) in its protonated form and its free amine form

(d) HEPES (pKa = 7.55; see Table 2.8) in its zwitterionic form and its anionic form