Black Corporation processes xyrex into three outputs: Xy-1, Xy-2, and Xy-3. Xy-1 accounts for 60 percent of the net realizable value at the split-off point, Xy-2 accounts for 30 percent, and Xy-3 accounts for the balance. The joint costs total $365,500. If Xy-3 is accounted for as a by-product, its $37,600 net realizable value at split-off is credited to the joint manufacturing costs using method 1 described in the text, which credits the by-product’s net realizable value as a reduction in the joint costs.

Required

a. What are the allocated joint costs for the three outputs

(1) If Xy-3 is accounted for as a joint product?

(2) If Xy-3 is accounted for as a by-product?

b. Management does not understand why joint costs are allocated to Xy-3 differently when it is accounted for as a by-product. Write a brief memo explaining why this occurs.