Cicleta Manufacturing has four activities: receiving materials, assembly, expediting products, and storing goods. Receiving and assembly are necessary activities; expediting and storing goods are unnecessary. The following data pertain to the four activities for the year ending 2014 (actual price per unit of the activity driver is assumed to be equal to the standard price):

Required:
1. Prepare a cost report for the year ending 2014 that shows value-added costs, non-value- added costs, and total costs for each activity.
2. Explain why expediting products and storing goods are non-value-added activities.
3. What if receiving cost is a step-fixed cost with each step being 1,500 orders whereas assembly cost is a variable cost? What is the implication for reducing the cost of waste for each activity?

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Activitv Activity Driver Receiving orders Labor hours Orders expedited Number of units sQ 12,000 75,000 AQ Receiving Assembly Expediting Storing 18,000 90,000 6,000 12,000 SP $21 15 50