Complete the following table by indicating whether the listed transactions or economic events would increase, decrease, or have no effect on the financial ratios listed. Explain your reasoning and state any assumptions that youmake.

Debt-to- Return on Dividend Price-to- equity ratio equitypayout ratio book ratio 1.2:1 12.4% 25% 2.1 Stock dividend Payment of a cash dividend that was declared in a previous period Issue of common shares for land Purchase by the company of its own shares for cash Declaration and payment of a cash dividend; the dividend was higher than last year and net income is unchanged