Consider a 12-L evacuated rigid bottle that is surrounded by the atmosphere at 100 kPa and 17°C. A valve at the neck of the bottle is now opened and the atmospheric air is allowed to flow into the bottle. The air trapped in the bottle eventually reaches thermal equilibrium with the atmosphere as a result of heat transfer through the wall of the bottle. The valve remains open during the process so that the trapped air also reaches mechanical equilibrium with the atmosphere. Determine the net heat transfer through the wall of the bottle and the energy destroyed during this filling process.

100 kPa 17 12 L Evacuated