Question: Consider an instruction sequence of length n that is streaming through the instruction pipeline. Let p be the probability of encountering a conditional or unconditional

Consider an instruction sequence of length n that is streaming through the instruction pipeline. Let p be the probability of encountering a conditional or unconditional branch instruction, and let q be the probability that execution of a branch instruction I causes a jump to a nonconsecutive address. Assume that each such jump requires the pipeline to be cleared, destroying all ongoing instruction processing, when I emerges from the last stage. Revise Equations (12.1) and (12.2) to take these probabilities into account.

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