Question: Consider a thin opaque, horizontal plate with an electrical heater on its backside. The front side is exposed to ambient air that is at 20C

Consider a thin opaque, horizontal plate with an electrical heater on its backside. The front side is exposed to ambient air that is at 20°C and provides a convection heat transfer coefficient of 10 W/m2 ? K, solar irradiation of 600 W/m2, and an effective sky temperature of -40°C. What is the electrical power (W/m2) required to maintain the plate surface temperature at Ts = 60°C if the plate is diffuse and has the designated spectral, hemispherical reflectivity?

1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 3.0 3.0 A (um) A (um)

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