Do students who learned English as well as another language simultaneously score worse on the SAT Critical Reading exam than the general population of test takers? The mean score among all test takers on the SAT Critical Reading exam is 501. A random sample of 100 test takers who learned English as well as another language simultaneously had a mean SAT Critical Reading score of 485 with a standard deviation of 116. Do these results suggest that students who learn English as well as another language simultaneously score worse on the SAT Critical Reading exam?

(a) State the appropriate null and alternative hypotheses.

(b) Verify that the requirements to perform the test using the t-distribution are satisfied.

(c) Use the classical or P-value approach at the α = 0.1 level of significance to test the hypotheses in part (a).

(d) Write a conclusion based on your results to part (c).