Example, described exit polls wherein people are asked whether they voted for the Democrat or Republican candidate for president.

The surveyors also record gender (1 = Female, 2 = Male), educational attainment (1 = Did not finish high school, 2 = Completed high school, 3 = Completed college or university, 4 = Postgraduate degree), and income level (1 = Under $25,000, 2 = $25,000 to $49,999, 3 = $50,000 to $75,000, 4 = over $75,000).

a. Is there sufficient evidence to infer that voting and gender are related?

b. Do the data allow the conclusion that voting and educational level are related?

c. Can we infer that voting and income are related?