What are the primary functions of the spinal cord and spinal nerves? Highway for upward travel of sensory information only Only integration of nerve impulses Highway for downward travel of motor information only Spinal cord reflexes, integration of nerve impulses, and highway for sensory and motor information

Spinal cord reflexes, integration of nerve impulses, and highway for sensory and motor information

What are the parts of the spinal cord in order from superior to inferior? Sacral, lumbar, thoracic, and cervical Lumbar, cervical, thoracic, and sacral Thoracic, cervical, lumbar, and sacral Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral

What is the lumbosacral enlargement and what does it innervate? Located in the cervical region and innervates the upper limbs Located in the sacral region and innervates the pelvic organs Extends through the lumbar and sacral parts of the spinal cord and innervates the lower limbs Found in the thoracic region and innervates the trunk

Extends through the lumbar and sacral parts of the spinal cord and innervates the lower limbs

Chapter 14 & 15 Test Review A & P 1

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Biology - Anatomy

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Cards in this deck(97)

What are the primary functions of the spinal cord and spinal nerves?

What are the parts of the spinal cord in order from superior to inferior?

How many pairs of cervical spinal nerves are there?

How many pairs of thoracic spinal nerves are there?

How many pairs of lumbar spinal nerves are there?

How many pairs of sacral spinal nerves are there?

What is the term for the end of the spinal cord?

Where does the spinal cord actually end in the lumbar region?

What is the fibrous extension of the pia mater that anchors the spinal cord to the coccyx?

What is the lumbosacral enlargement and what does it innervate?

What is the 'horse's tail' in the spinal cord, and what does it consist of?

What are the meninges of the brain and their characteristics?

What is the central canal of the spinal cord and what does it contain?

What is the white matter of the spinal cord and its composition?

What is the gray matter of the spinal cord and its structure?

What are the functions of the horns in the gray matter of the spinal cord?

Lateral horns are specific to which part of the spinal cord?

What nuclei are found in the lateral horns of the spinal cord?

What are the rami of the spinal cord and their function?

What does the anterior ramus serve in the body?

The anterior ramus only contributes to which plexus?

What does the posterior ramus innervate?

What do the rami communicantes connect?

What are the plexuses in order from superior to inferior?

Which nerve is found in the cervical plexus?

What are the nerves in the brachial plexus and their functions?

What are the nerves of the lumbar plexus?

What are the nerves in the sacral plexus?

Which nerve is essential for breathing?

Which nerves innervate the flexors and extensors in the brachial plexus?

What is the difference between ascending and descending tracts in the spinal cord?

Where exactly is the spinocerebellar tract located in the spinal cord?

What type of information is carried by the posterior/dorsal part of the spinal cord?

What type of information is carried by the anterior/ventral part of the spinal cord?

Which tract carries signals to skeletal muscles?

Which pathway relays information about temperature, proprioception, and pressure from skin, joints, and muscles?

Why do T1-T12 not contribute to any plexuses?

What is the gray commissure and its function?

What are the regions of white matter in the spinal cord called?

What virus causes shingles and how does it affect the body?

Which nerve is commonly referred to as the 'funny bone'?

Which tract brings information to the brain about pain and temperature?

What is the difference between upper and lower motor neurons and where are their cell bodies located?

What is the relationship between sensory and motor pathways in terms of direction and type?

What structures are supplied by the cervical plexus?

What structures are supplied by the brachial plexus?

What structures are supplied by the lumbar plexus?

What structures are supplied by the sacral plexus?

What two nerves make up the sciatic nerve?

Which five nerves arise from the brachial plexus and what muscles do they innervate?

What is the sensory distribution in the hand from the brachial plexus?

Which nerve is associated with carpal tunnel syndrome?

Which nerves are affected in crutch palsy?

Which nerves innervate the quadriceps and hamstrings?

What is the definition of a reflex?

What are the components of a reflex arc?

What is the function of the Vagus Nerve (CN X)?

What are the functions of the Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)?

What is autonomic tone and its significance?

What are catecholamines and their role in the sympathetic nervous system?

To which receptors does ACh bind?

Which neurotransmitter binds to muscarinic receptors?

What are the effectors of the somatic nervous system?

What are the effectors of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

What is neuronal convergence in the nervous system?

What is neuronal divergence in the nervous system?

What is the withdrawal reflex (flexor reflex) and how does it function?

What is the crossed-extensor reflex and its purpose?

What is the stretch reflex and how does it function?

What is the tendon reflex (Golgi tendon reflex) and its function?

What is the knee jerk reflex and how is it classified?

What is the importance of the hypothalamus in the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

Which receptors are found in the heart?

What is the Babinski sign (plantar reflex) and its significance?

What are the brainstem nuclei involved in autonomic functions?

How is heart rate controlled by the autonomic nervous system?

How is muscular activity in the GI tract controlled by the autonomic nervous system?

How is pupil diameter in the iris of the eye controlled by the autonomic nervous system?

What are the cooperative effects of the autonomic nervous system on the reproductive system?

What is the location of the parasympathetic division in the nervous system?

What is the location of the sympathetic division in the nervous system?

What are the functions of the hypothalamus?

How many neurons are involved in the autonomic nervous system?

What is the sensory input of the somatic nervous system?

What is the sensory input of the autonomic nervous system?

What is the role of preganglionic neurons in the autonomic nervous system?

What is the role of postganglionic neurons in the autonomic nervous system?

Where is the sympathetic division located in the spinal cord?

Where is the parasympathetic division located in the nervous system?

What is the function of the lateral horn in the spinal cord?

Where are the ganglia of the sympathetic division located?

Which organ is not innervated by both sympathetic and parasympathetic systems?

What is the characteristic of axons in the parasympathetic division?

What is the characteristic of axons in the sympathetic division?

What is the function of the sympathetic nervous system and its effect on organs?

Where are the ganglia of the parasympathetic nervous system located?

What is the function of the parasympathetic nervous system and its effect on organs?

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Chapter 14 & 15 Test Review A & P 1

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