What does the urinary system consist of? 1 kidney, 2 ureters, urinary bladder, urethra 2 kidneys, 2 ureters, urinary bladder, no urethra 2 kidneys, 1 ureter, urinary bladder, urethra 2 kidneys, 2 ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

2 kidneys, 2 ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

Where are the kidneys located in the human body? In the cranial cavity, near the brain In the thoracic cavity, near the heart In the abdomen, retro perineal space In the pelvic region, near the bladder

In the abdomen, retro perineal space

Where are the ureters located in relation to the kidneys and urinary bladder? From bladder to urethra in abdominal region From kidneys to urinary bladder in pelvic region From kidneys to urethra in pelvic region From bladder to kidneys in abdominal region

From kidneys to urinary bladder in pelvic region

Where is the urethra located in the urinary system? Between the bladder and the body exit Between the ureters and the bladder Between the kidneys and the bladder Between the bladder and the ureters

Between the bladder and the body exit

What are the functions of the kidneys in the human body? Only filters blood and produces hormones Produces hormones and regulates blood pH only Filters blood, produces hormones, regulates iron levels, blood pH, blood pressure, and blood glucose levels Regulates blood pressure and glucose levels only

Filters blood, produces hormones, regulates iron levels, blood pH, blood pressure, and blood glucose levels

What is excretion in the context of the human body? The process of storing waste products in the body The process of absorbing nutrients into the bloodstream The process of converting food into energy The process of separating wastes from body fluids and eliminating them from the body

The process of separating wastes from body fluids and eliminating them from the body

Which body systems are involved in the process of excretion? Skeletal, muscular, and reproductive systems Lymphatic, immune, and cardiovascular systems Circulatory, nervous, and endocrine systems Respiratory, integumentary, digestive, and urinary systems

Respiratory, integumentary, digestive, and urinary systems

Chapter 23: The Urinary Exam (Exam V)

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Biology - Anatomy

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Cards in this deck(100)

What does the urinary system consist of?

Where are the kidneys located in the human body?

Where are the ureters located in relation to the kidneys and urinary bladder?

Where is the urethra located in the urinary system?

What are the functions of the kidneys in the human body?

What is excretion in the context of the human body?

Which body systems are involved in the process of excretion?

What is the main nitrogenous waste product from protein catabolism?

What nitrogenous waste is produced from the catabolism of nucleic acids?

What is the nitrogenous waste product from the catabolism of creatine phosphate?

Where are the kidneys located in the body?

What is the shape of the kidneys?

How does the position of the right kidney compare to the left kidney?

What are the external features of the kidney?

What are the internal features of the kidney?

What is the inner juxtamedullary region of the kidney?

What divides the renal medulla in the kidney?

What structures occupy the renal sinus in the kidney?

What are the two main components of a nephron?

What structures make up the renal corpuscle in a nephron?

What are the main segments of the renal tubule in a nephron?

What is the function of the renal corpuscle in a nephron?

What is the function of the renal tubule in a nephron?

Trace the blood flow through the kidney.

What is the flow of fluid through the renal tubules?

Trace the flow of fluid through the urinary system.

What type of epithelium lines the parietal layer of the renal corpuscle?

What cells form the visceral layer of the renal corpuscle?

What type of capillaries are present in the renal corpuscle that allow filtration?

What type of epithelium lines the proximal convoluted tubule?

What type of epithelium is found in the thick segment of the nephron loop?

What type of epithelium is present in the thin segment of the nephron?

What type of epithelium lines the distal convoluted tubule (DCT)?

What are the stages of urine formation in the kidney?

When is fluid called urine in the urinary system?

What is glomerular filtration in the context of kidney function?

What happens to the filtrate in the nephron after glomerular filtration?

What are the components of the filtration membrane in the kidney?

What is the function of the endothelium in the filtration membrane?

What is the role of the basement membrane in the filtration membrane?

What are the specialized cells in the visceral layer of the filtration membrane?

What is the function of podocyte pedicels in the filtration membrane?

What substances can pass through the filtration membrane in the kidney?

What are examples of substances that can't pass through a filtration membrane?

How do substances that can't pass through a filtration membrane exit the glomerulus?

What is glomerulus hydrostatic pressure and how does it affect filtration?

What is capsular hydrostatic pressure and how does it affect filtration?

What is blood colloid osmotic pressure in the context of kidney function?

How does blood colloid osmotic pressure affect filtration in the glomerulus?

What is net filtration pressure in the context of kidney function?

What are the components of the juxtaglomerular apparatus in the kidney?

Where is the juxtaglomerular apparatus located in the kidney?

Where is the macula densa located in the kidney?

What does the macula densa detect in the kidney?

What is the response of the macula densa when salt levels are high in the kidney?

What does the macula densa signal the granular cell to do in the kidney?

What are mesangial cells in the context of kidney function?

What is the function of mesangial cells in the kidney?

What is the function of granular cells in the kidney?

What does the macula densa detect in the tubular fluid of the kidney?

What is the response of the afferent arterioles to high salt levels detected by the macula densa?

How does vasoconstriction of the afferent arterioles affect the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

What is the myogenic mechanism in the context of kidney function?

How does the afferent arteriole respond to a decrease in systemic blood pressure?

How does the afferent arteriole respond to an increase in systemic blood flow?

How does sympathetic control affect the afferent arteriole and GFR?

What is the RAA System and how does it affect kidney function?

What is GFR and how is it measured in the kidneys?

How is GFR regulated intrinsically in the kidneys?

How is GFR regulated extrinsically in the kidneys?

Why does ANP increase GFR in the kidneys?

What is tubular reabsorption in the context of kidney function?

What is tubular secretion in the context of kidney function?

How do renal tubules reabsorb useful solutes from glomerular filtrate and return them to the blood?

Where does sodium reabsorption occur in the kidney?

What is the role of the Na/K pump in sodium reabsorption in the kidney?

How does sodium enter the tubule cell in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)?

How is glucose transported in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)?

How can you improve kidney function in relation to cellular processes?

How does sodium enter the blood in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)?

What is the mechanism of sodium reabsorption in the PCT, DCT, and CD?

What is the role of the Na/K/Cl symporter in the ascending loop of Henle?

How do elements exit the cell in the ascending loop of Henle?

What promotes cation reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT)?

How do Angiotensin II and Aldosterone affect sodium absorption in the kidney?

What is the process of glucose reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)?

Where does chloride (Cl) reabsorption primarily occur in the kidney?

How does chloride (Cl) reabsorption occur in the ascending loop of Henle?

How does chloride (Cl) reabsorption occur in the kidney tubule?

What happens to chloride (Cl) after entering the tubule cell?

Where does chloride (Cl) reabsorption primarily occur in the kidney?

What type of transport is involved in chloride (Cl) reabsorption in the kidney?

What are the elements that enter the cell during chloride (Cl) reabsorption in the kidney?

How do elements exit the cell during chloride (Cl) reabsorption in the kidney?

How is potassium (K) resorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)?

How is potassium (K) resorbed in the ascending loop of Henle?

How is potassium (K) resorbed in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT)?

How is bicarbonate (HCO3) reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)?

How is bicarbonate (HCO3) reabsorbed in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT)?

What are the two types of nitrogen waste produced by the body?

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Chapter 23: The Urinary Exam (Exam V)

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