Comprehensive Study of Bone Development, Structure, and Function

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Biology - Anatomy

user_pereira_de_andr Created by 9 mon ago

Cards in this deck(81)

What is the process of intramembranous ossification primarily responsible for?

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Endochondral ossification is crucial for the development of which type of bone?

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Which of the following steps is NOT part of intramembranous ossification?

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Which step occurs first in endochondral ossification?

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The primary ossification center is located in the _____ of a long bone.

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The secondary ossification center is located in the _____ of a long bone.

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What are the main components of bone composition?

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Collagen provides _____ and _____ to bone.

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Which bone cells are produced from white blood cells?

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Which bone cells are produced from the bone cell lineage?

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What is the primary function of osteoblasts?

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Osteoblasts secrete _____ which inhibits _____ formation.

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Osteoblasts are stimulated by _____ activity.

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Osteocytes are calcified _____.

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What are the primary functions of osteocytes?

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Osteocytes are located in the _____.

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How do osteocytes respond to parathyroid hormone (PTH)?

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What is the primary function of osteoclasts?

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Osteoclasts are typically located in _____.

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What substances do lysosomes within osteoclasts secrete to digest bone?

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Osteoclasts are stimulated by which ligand?

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What is the function of RANKL in bone metabolism?

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What is the primary function of osteoprotegerin (OPG)?

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What are the functions of proteoglycans in bone?

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What roles do glycoproteins play in bone?

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Which hormones influence bone growth?

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How does estradiol influence bone growth?

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What do Haversian canals contain?

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What is the primary function of Haversian canals?

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Where are Haversian canals located?

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Cortical bone is also known as _____ bone.

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What does cortical bone contain?

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Cortical bone makes up what percentage of the skeleton?

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How is cortical bone characterized?

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Cancellous bone is also known as _____ bone.

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The periosteum has how many layers?

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What does the outer periosteal layer contain?

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What is the function of Volkmann canals?

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The inner periosteal layer is anchored to the bone by _____ fibers.

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What is the function of Sharpey fibers?

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How many total bones are in the human body?

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The axial skeleton is made up of how many bones and which ones?

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The appendicular skeleton is made up of how many bones and which ones?

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What does the medullary cavity of long bones contain?

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What does the epiphysis of long bones contain?

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What is the lining of the medullary cavity called?

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What are the three steps of bone remodeling?

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Which factors increase bone resorption by increasing RANKL expression?

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Which factors decrease bone formation by decreasing RANKL expression?

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What are the five steps of bone repair?

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What is the timeline for hematoma formation during bone repair?

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What is the timeline for fibrocartilage formation during bone repair?

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What is the timeline for callus formation during bone repair?

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What is the timeline for ossification during bone repair?

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What is the timeline for consolidation/remodeling during bone repair?

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Which type of bone heals faster?

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What are the classifications of joints?

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What are the types of synarthrosis joints?

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Fibrous joints are directly united to bone by what type of tissue?

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What are examples of fibrous joints?

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Cartilaginous joints are connected by what type of cartilage?

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What are the types of cartilaginous joints?

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What are examples of symphysis joints?

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What is an example of a synchondrosis joint?

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Diarthrosis joints are also known as _____ joints.

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What are the components of synovial joints?

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What are the layers of the joint (articular) capsule?

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What are the characteristics of the fibrous membrane of the joint (articular) capsule?

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What are the characteristics of the synovial membrane of the joint (articular) capsule?

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What is the function of Type A synovial cells?

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What is the function of Type B synovial cells?

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What are the functions of hyaluronic acid in synovial fluid?

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What is the function of lubricin in joints?

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What is the origin and function of synovial fluid?

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Where is articular cartilage (hyaline) located?

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What is articular cartilage composed of?

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What are the layers of articular cartilage?

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What does articular cartilage lack, making it insensitive to pain and slow to regenerate?

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What do ligaments connect and what is their primary function?

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What do tendons attach and what is their primary function?

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What is the composition of tendons and ligaments?

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