What are the 4 Ts that should be observed during a skin assessment? taste, touch, temperature, tenderness tone, texture, taste, tenderness temperature, tenderness, taste, tone texture, tone, temperature, tenderness

texture, tone, temperature, tenderness

What are the 6 functions of the skin that are essential for maintaining homeostasis? regulates body temperature, stores blood, protects body, detects sensations, excretes substances, synthesizes vitamin D regulates digestion, stores water, protects bones, detects motion, excretes salts, synthesizes lipids regulates heart rate, stores energy, protects muscles, detects light, excretes hormones, synthesizes carbohydrates regulates blood pressure, stores fat, protects organs, detects sound, excretes waste, synthesizes proteins

regulates body temperature, stores blood, protects body, detects sensations, excretes substances, synthesizes vitamin D

Comprehensive Study of the Integumentary System: Structure, Function, and Components

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Biology - Anatomy

user_kambeorv Created by 9 mon ago

Cards in this deck(100)

The _____ is made up of organs and tissues such as skin, hair, oil & sweat glands, nails, and sensory receptors.

The _____, which covers the external surface of the body, is the largest organ of the body in both surface area and weight.

Begin assessment by first observing the body's surface for changes in the _____ and signs of infection.

What are the 4 Ts that should be observed during a skin assessment?

The skin has several _____ that contribute to its protective function.

Structurally, the skin consists of two main parts; the superficial, thinner portion is the _____; the deeper, thicker connective tissue part is the _____.

What are the 6 functions of the skin that are essential for maintaining homeostasis?

The outer layer of the skin is the _____.

The 'true skin' is the _____.

Deep to the dermis, but not part of the skin, is the _____; this layer consists of areolar and adipose tissues.

The _____ is below the skin and serves as a connection to underlying tissues.

The _____ is the connective tissue wrapping that supports the skin.

The subcutaneous and sometimes the dermis also contain encapsulated nerve endings called _____ that are sensitive to pressure.

The _____ is composed of stratified squamous epithelium containing 4 types of specialized cells.

What are the 4 types of specialized cells found in the epidermis?

_____ make up about 90% of the cell types of the epidermis; they contain keratin.

_____ is a tough fibrous protein that waterproofs the skin and is resistant to friction.

_____ produce melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color.

_____ is a yellow-red or brown-black pigment that absorbs damaging UV radiation.

_____ arise from the red bone marrow and become immune cells in the epidermis.

_____ are sensory tactile (touch) receptors located deep in the epidermis.

In most regions of the body, the epidermis has 4 strata (layers): strata basale, spinosum, granulosum, and a thin corneum; this is called _____.

Where exposure to friction is greatest, such as fingertips, palms, and soles, the epidermis has 5 layers; this is called _____.

What are the epidermal strata, in order from deepest (bottom) to most superficial (top)?

The deepest layer of the epidermis is the _____.

The _____ contains stem cells and can undergo mitosis continually producing new daughter cells.

Superficial to the stratum basale is the _____.

The _____ contains 8-10 layers of keratinocytes; provides strength and flexibility; contain melanocytes and langerhans cells.

At about the middle of the epidermis is the _____.

_____ is programmed cell death, a natural process in the life cycle of cells.

The _____ consists of 3-5 layers of flattened keratinocytes that are undergoing apoptosis; within the keratinocytes are lamellar granules which secrete a lipid-rich waterproofing substance.

The _____ is present only in the thick skin of areas such as the fingertips, palms, and soles; it consists of 3-5 layers of flattened, dead keratinocytes.

The _____ is superficial to stratum granulosum and is found in thick skin.

The _____ is superficial to stratum lucidum and is the outermost layer of the epidermis.

The _____ consists of 25-30 layers of flattened, dead keratinocytes; cells are now horn-shaped; cells are continuously replaced and shed.

Newly formed cells in the stratum basale are slowly pushed to the surface; as the cells move from one epidermal layer to the next, they accumulate more and more keratin, a process called _____.

The 2nd, deeper part of the skin, the _____, is composed mainly of connective tissue.

Blood vessels, nerves, glands, and hair follicles are embedded in _____ tissue.

What are the 2 layers of the dermis?

The _____ region makes up about 1/5 of the thickness of the total layer; it consists of areolar connective tissue containing fine elastic fibers.

A fingerlike projection of the dermis that may contain blood capillaries or Meissner corpuscles (of touch) is called _____.

Blood capillaries in the dermis are also known as _____.

Dendrites that lack any apparent structural specialization are called _____.

The _____ region is the deep portion of the dermis; consists of dense irregular connective tissue with bundles of collagen and some coarse elastic fibers.

Oil glands in the skin, usually connected to hair follicles and absent in palms and soles, are called _____.

Sebaceous glands secrete an oily substance called _____; it prevents excessive evaporation of water and keeps skin soft.

_____ is inflammation of the pilosebaceous unit, often resulting in pimples.

Sweat glands, which have two main types: eccrine and apocrine, are also known as _____.

_____ are much more common than apocrine glands and are distributed throughout the skin of most regions of the body.

_____ are found mainly in the skin of the axilla, groin, areolae, and bearded regions of the face.

The combination of collagen and elastic fibers in the reticular region provides the skin with strength, _____, and elasticity.

_____ is the ability to return to original shape after stretching, a property of the skin.

Extreme stretching in pregnancy and obesity may produce small tears in the dermis, causing _____, or stretch marks.

The surfaces of the palms, fingers, soles, and toes have a series of ridges and grooves known as _____.

The study of the pattern of epidermal ridges is called _____.

Three pigments make up skin's color: melanin, hemoglobin, and _____.

The amount of _____ causes the skin's color to vary from pale yellow to reddish-brown.

_____ produces yellow to red pigments in the hair.

_____ produces brown to black pigments in the hair.

The number of melanocytes is the _____ in all people, regardless of skin color.

Differences in skin color are mainly due to the _____ the melanocytes produce and transfer to keratinocytes.

A round, flat, or raised area that represents a benign localized overgrowth of melanocytes is called a _____.

Melanocytes synthesize melanin from the amino acid tyrosine in the presence of an enzyme called tyrosinase; synthesis occurs in an organelle called a _____.

_____ is the inherited inability of an individual to produce melanin.

The red color of the skin is due to _____, the oxygen-carrying pigment in RBCs.

_____ results when the circulation is compromised, such as in shock or anemia.

_____ is a condition characterized by a lack of a normal number of red blood cells.

_____ is a yellow-orange pigment that gives egg yolks and carrots their color; a precursor to it is vitamin A.

_____ of the skin include hair, skin glands, and nails.

_____ aka pili are present on most skin surfaces except the palms, palmar surfaces of the fingers, the soles, and plantar surface of the feet.

Hairless skin is also known as _____.

Functions of the _____ include protection from injury and the sun's rays, decreasing heat loss, and protecting the eyes from foreign particles.

The _____ is the superficial portion of the hair, which projects above the surface of the skin.

The _____ is the portion of the hair deep to the shaft that penetrates into the dermis, and sometimes into the subcutaneous layer.

Surrounding the root of the hair is the _____, which is made up of an external root sheath and an internal root sheath.

Associated with the hair follicle are sebaceous glands, _____, and hair root plexuses.

The dense dermis surrounding the hair follicle is called the _____.

The base of each hair follicle is an onion-shaped structure, the _____.

The bulb houses a nipple-shaped indentation, the _____, which contains areolar connective tissue and many blood vessels.

The bulb also contains a germinal layer of cells called the _____; it arises from the stratum basale, the site of cell division.

Sebaceous (oil) glands and a bundle of smooth muscle cells are also associated with hairs; the smooth muscle is the _____.

_____ give rise to 'goose bumps' or 'chicken skin' when contracted.

Surrounding each hair follicle are dendrites of neurons, forming a _____ that is sensitive to touch.

_____ are ducts in the skin; they include sebaceous, sudoriferous, and ceruminous glands.

What are the 3 types of exocrine glands found in the skin?

_____ produce ear wax, which helps protect the ear canal.

The combined secretion of the ceruminous and sebaceous glands is called _____.

_____ are specialized sudoriferous glands that secrete milk.

_____ are plates of tightly packed, hard, dead, keratinized epidermal cells.

The visible portion of the nail is known as the _____.

The part of the nail that extends past the end of the digit is called the _____.

The portion of the nail that is buried in a fold of skin is the _____.

The part of the nail that may extend past the distal end of the digit is the _____.

The whitish, crescent-shaped area of the proximal end of the nail body is called the _____.

The _____ secures the nail to the fingertip.

_____ is a narrow band of epidermis that extends from and adheres to the margin (lateral border) of the nail wall.

The proximal portion of the epithelium deep to the nail root is the _____, where superficial cells divide by mitosis to produce new nail cells.

The layer under the dermis which anchors the dermis and the superficial fascia is the _____.

When epidermal cells encounter one another, they stop migrating due to a cellular response called _____.

In the _____, the clot becomes a scab, and epithelial cells migrate beneath the scab to bridge the wound.

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Comprehensive Study of the Integumentary System: Structure, Function, and Components

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