What are the functions of the urinary system? Adjusting blood volume and pressure, regulating blood plasma concentration of ions, stabilizing pH of blood Digesting food, absorbing nutrients, eliminating waste Producing hormones, regulating metabolism, maintaining homeostasis Pumping blood, transporting oxygen, removing carbon dioxide

Adjusting blood volume and pressure, regulating blood plasma concentration of ions, stabilizing pH of blood

Where are the kidneys located in the body? In the pelvic cavity, near the bladder In the cranial cavity, beneath the brain In the thoracic cavity, behind the lungs In a retroperitoneal position, with the left slightly superior to the right

In a retroperitoneal position, with the left slightly superior to the right

What are the connective tissues supporting the kidneys? Fibrous capsule, perinephric fat, renal fascia Pleura, pericardium, peritoneum Ligaments, tendons, cartilage Peritoneum, mesentery, omentum

Fibrous capsule, perinephric fat, renal fascia

What is the fibrous capsule in the kidney? A fibrous tissue that connects muscles to bones A protective layer around the brain A layer of collagen fibers that covers the outer surface of the kidney and lines the renal sinus A thin membrane that surrounds the heart

A layer of collagen fibers that covers the outer surface of the kidney and lines the renal sinus

Comprehensive Study of the Urinary System: Anatomy, Function, and Pathology

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Biology - Anatomy

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Cards in this deck(95)

What is the term for the passages from the kidneys to the ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra?

Which organs are responsible for producing urine in the urinary system?

What is the fluid called that contains water, ions, and small soluble compounds?

What are the tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder by gravity and peristalsis?

Which organ receives and stores urine, and its muscle contraction drives urination?

What is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body called?

What are the functions of the urinary system?

Where are the kidneys located in the body?

What are the connective tissues supporting the kidneys?

What is the fibrous capsule in the kidney?

What is the perinephric fat?

What is the renal fascia?

What is the outer region of the kidney called?

What is the inner portion of the kidney that includes the renal pyramid, renal papilla, and renal column?

What is a kidney lobe and how many are there in each kidney?

Where do blood vessels enter the kidney?

What collects urine from a single kidney lobe?

What is formed by four or five minor calyces?

What collects urine from major calyces and sends it to the ureter?

What is the functional unit of the kidney that consists of a renal corpuscle and renal tubule?

What are cortical nephrons and where are they located?

What are juxtamedullary nephrons and what is their function?

What is the renal corpuscle and what does it consist of?

What is the resulting fluid from the filtration process that is a protein-free solution?

What is the tubular passageway that receives filtrate and modifies it to create urine?

What is the first section of the renal tubule that reabsorbs nutrients from the filtrate?

What establishes the osmotic gradient for water reabsorption in the nephron?

Which part of the nephron adjusts tubular fluid composition by reabsorption and secretion?

What is the series of tubes carrying tubular fluid away from the nephron called?

What collects fluid from many nephrons and carries it through the renal medulla?

What collects fluid from multiple collecting ducts and delivers it to the minor calyx?

What is the flow of filtrate in the kidneys from the glomerulus to excretion?

What is the arterial system of the kidneys?

What is the venous system of the kidneys?

What is the blood flow around a cortical nephron?

What is the blood flow around a juxtamedullary nephron?

How does the urinary system maintain homeostasis?

What is the most abundant organic waste that is a by-product of amino acid breakdown?

What is the by-product of creatine phosphate breakdown in muscles?

What is formed during the recycling of nitrogenous bases of RNA?

What is the process where blood pressure forces water and solutes across the membranes of the glomerular capillaries into the capsular space?

What is the transport of water and solutes from the tubular fluid across tubular epithelium into the peritubular fluid?

What is the transport of solutes from the peritubular fluid across tubular epithelium into the tubular fluid?

What are the three processes in urine formation and where do they occur?

What are intraglomerular mesangial cells and what is their function?

What forms the outer wall of the renal corpuscle and covers the glomerular capillaries?

What are podocytes and what is their function?

What are the three layers of the filtration membrane that prevent most plasma proteins from entering the capsular space?

What is glomerular hydrostatic pressure and what does it do?

What is capsular colloid osmotic pressure?

What is blood colloid osmotic pressure and what is its role?

What is capsular hydrostatic pressure and what does it do?

What is net filtration pressure and what does it represent?

What is the glomerular filtration rate and what factors influence it?

What is autoregulation in the kidneys?

What is central regulation in the kidneys and what components does it involve?

What are the autoregulatory pathways when there's low blood flow to the kidneys?

What are the central regulation pathways when autoregulation isn't sufficient?

What does reabsorption in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) include?

How much of the initial filtrate volume reaches the distal convoluted tubule (DCT)?

What is countercurrent multiplication in the nephron loop?

What is obligatory water reabsorption and where does it occur?

What is facultative water reabsorption and where does it occur?

What happens to urine volume without ADH?

What happens to urine volume with ADH?

What are the normal characteristics of urine?

What is renal failure and what are its effects?

What is chronic renal failure and how is it managed?

What is acute renal failure and is recovery possible?

What is dialysis and what is its purpose?

What is a pyelogram?

What are the rugae of the bladder and what is their function?

What is polyuria?

What is oliguria?

What is anuria?

What is incontinence?

What is urinary retention?

What is dysuria?

What is edema and when does it occur?

Which part of a nephron is responsible for reabsorbing nutrients from filtrate?

Where does filtration occur in the nephron?

Which part of the nephron responds to ADH stimulation?

What is the function of ADH?

What percent of total filtrate produced in a day is reabsorbed?

Which part of the nephron is involved in the countercurrent multiplier system?

What pressure drives fluid from the glomerulus into the capsular space?

What does renin directly activate first?

What part of the urine elimination pathway is under voluntary control?

Why are UTIs more common in women?

What solid makes up the largest percentage of urine?

Identify the three distinct processes of urine formation in the kidney.

The functional unit of the kidney is the _____?

The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is _____?

The cavity of the kidney that receives urine from the calyces is called the _____?

Which of the following substances is not secreted?

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Comprehensive Study of the Urinary System: Anatomy, Function, and Pathology

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