Archaeology what disease do you get from not enough VD what genetic even i mitochondrial DNA do scientists study to determine haplogroups Branch of anthropology focusing on the study of human culture through artifacts if you live away from the equator:

Branch of anthropology focusing on the study of human culture through artifacts

Biological anthropology why is VD important extensive exposure to UV can cause what problem in men What does Homo sapiens mean? Branch of anthropology studying how humans have changed and evolved biologically

Branch of anthropology studying how humans have changed and evolved biologically

Sociocultural anthropology if you live at the equator: Branch of anthropology that examines how humans interact within societies what UV (ultra violet) does folic acid get broken down by why is VD important

Branch of anthropology that examines how humans interact within societies

Linguistic anthropology if you live at the equator: why do mitochondira posses their own DNA how long ago did human migrate out of africa Branch of anthropology dedicated to the study of human communication

Branch of anthropology dedicated to the study of human communication

middle and late stone age name the features of the skull that play a key role in the identification of evolution why do you need a folic acid supplement if you live at the equator? when did homo sapiens live in regard to which stone age when was the magdalenian tool kit used and by who? what paleolithic was it?

when did homo sapiens live in regard to which stone age

2% homo habilis skull why isn't skin cancer a selective pressure how much mass does the brain take up why was the olduavi gorge (africa) significant

how much mass does the brain take up

20% of the energy Homo neanderthalensis skull how much energy does the brain consume what caused us to be bipedal what does the hyoid bone allow us to do

how much energy does the brain consume

consumes a lot of energy, difficult births due to larger skull, long rearing periods hominid vs hominin Branch of anthropology dedicated to the study of human communication why was the olduavi gorge (africa) significant what are the costs of having a big brain

what are the costs of having a big brain

ardipithecus ramidus why isn't skin cancer a selective pressure who was the first to be bipedal homo erectus skull besides shelter and fire, what was another achievement of homo erectus

who was the first to be bipedal

Anthropology Evolution Test

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Anthropology - Biological Anthropology

jake12testoswi Created by 10 mon ago

Cards in this deck(75)

the study of what makes us human

Archaeology

Biological anthropology

Sociocultural anthropology

Linguistic anthropology

middle and late stone age

20% of the energy

consumes a lot of energy, difficult births due to larger skull, long rearing periods

ardipithecus ramidus

the first known hominin to migrate out of Africa, and possibly the first to cook food. / 1st shelter / 1st fire / 1st stone tools / responsible for the Acheulean tool kit

it is believed to be the site of found remains of the first human beings to walk on Earth and is where the oldowan tool kit was found

1.6 MYA to 125,000 YA Homo Erectus (had bi-facial flaking )

2.6 MYA to 1.6 MYA Homo Habilis "handy man"

lower paleolithic (early stone age)

125,000 to 40,000 YA Neandethals Middle Paleolithic

40,000 to 10,000 YA Homo Sapiens Upper Paleolithic

Zygomatic arch, orbital bones, sagittal crest, foramen magnum, cranium

Australopithecus afarensis. small bodied, long arms, curved fingers. 3.2 MYA

Ardipithecus ramidus 4.4 MYA

Australopithecus afarensis

more nutrients, mutation in the zygomatic arch, selective pressure, cooking meat, and better communication. became a hunter-gatherer

make more complex sounds

jaw bone

grasping hands with long fingers to curl around objects. opposable thumbs and/or big toes, flat nails (rather than claws) Large brains (in relation to body size) Vision more important than sense of smell. Hands adapted for grasping. Long life spans and slow growth. Few offspring, usually one at a time. Complex social groups.

200ft

During the last glacial period, when much of the Earth's water was locked up in ice sheets, sea levels were lower, and this exposed land bridges that connected continents. One of the most famous land bridges was Beringia, which connected Siberia in Russia to Alaska.

all after chimps are hominins all before are hominid and apes

Australopithecus afarensis, Homo habilis, Homo neanderthalensis

Gorilla, chimps, Orangutans

lost hair to be able to cool ourselves off easier by sweating

benefit in hunting, frees up our hands

migrated out of africa

protects it from UV radiation, regulates Vitamin D

less sun exposure, you need to take a Vitamin D supplement

when you move away from the equator there is less sun exposure (less intensity, more atmospheric filtering, clothing). we need ultra violet B for our skin to make Vitamin D. not getting UVB, then need VD supplement

Rickets

losing melanin / lighter skin

more sun exposure, you need a folic acid supplement, you have more VD and darker skin

exposure to UV causes folic acid to degrade

healthy pregnancies. because of this, there is an evolutionary selective pressure towards more melanin in the skin

UVA

you've already had offspring by the time you get cancer

wise man

so we don't get rickets and have healthy babies, hormone regulation, immune function

low sperm production

they are believed to have evolved from independent, free-living bacteria that were engulfed by primitive eukaryotic cells that used them as an energy source

mt-DNA

the genes cross over and create new /more variation

they don't have the ability to recombine, short and easier to analyze

mutations in mitochondria variations

modern humans originated in Africa then spread throughout the world

70,000 YA

200,000 YA

females

males

200,000 - 300,000 YA

Flint knapping is the process of shaping flint, chert, obsidian, or other similar stones through the process of lithic reduction to produce stone tools, such as arrowheads, blades, and other sharp-edged tools. The process involves striking the stone with another hard object, such as antler or bone, to remove flakes and create the desired shape

gorilla, chimp, Ardipithecus ramidus, australopithecus afarensis, homo habilis, homo erectus, homo heidelbergensis, Homo neanderthalensis, homo sapiens

gorilla

chimp

Ardipithecus ramidus

australopithecus afarensis

homo habiis

homo erectus

homo heidelbergensis

Homo neanderthalensis

Homo sapiens

a wooded or forested area

region of africa where human evolved

Brain stem, cerebrum, cerebellum, pre-frontal cortext

brain stem

cerebrum

cerebellum

pre frontal cortex

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