Understanding Root Structures and Functions in Plant Biology

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Biology - Botany

mmoranwkf Created by 9 mon ago

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Roots are shorter and more bush-like because they don't have to search for _____ supply.

Tweaking of _____ concentration in roots can lead to vast changes.

Where do roots grow in relation to resources such as _____, nutrients, and oxygen?

90% of root length is found in the top _____ feet of soil.

The root cap is a mass of living _____ cells that protects the root apical meristem.

Without a root cap, damage to the _____ meristem occurs and primary growth stops.

Root caps can secrete _____ and produce border cells.

Mucilage hydrates soil around the root tip, making it easier for the root to _____ in.

Border cells are cells that detach and make _____ compounds.

Statoliths are specialized plastids containing dense _____ grains that help plants know up from down.

IAA, also known as _____, inhibits root cell growth.

IAA is regulated based on the presence of _____ in the plant cells.

The promeristem consists of initials and their most recent derivative in the _____ meristem.

The quiescent center is the initial region in the apical meristem of roots that has reached a state of relative _____.

The apical meristem, a region of cell division, includes the protoderm, ground meristem, and _____.

The region of maturation in roots includes the pericycle, root hairs, cortex, and _____.

The region of cell elongation is located between the apical meristem and the region of _____.

Root hairs are epidermal cell extensions that help expand the surface area for absorption of water by _____.

Water passes through the cell wall _____ in the apoplastic pathway.

Water moves through the cytoplasm _____ in the symplastic pathway.

Transmembrane movement involves water transporters that move water from intercellular spaces to the _____.

Aerenchyma forms when cortical cells undergo programmed cell death in response to low _____ conditions.

The endodermis is the innermost cell layer of the cortex and acts as a barrier to _____ movement.

The vascular cylinder is the central region of a root that includes the _____ tissue.

The pericycle and endodermis are parts of the _____ cylinder.

The protoxylem is the first formed primary _____ in the plant.

The metaxylem differentiates after the protoxylem and is characterized by broader _____ and vessels.

Cavitation is the process where water separates to form an air pocket in the _____ cells of xylem.

The promeristem is the most _____ part of an apical meristem.

The pericycle surrounds the vascular cylinder and is where _____ roots arise.

Lateral roots arise from the pericycle _____ from the protoxylem poles.

Adventitious roots arise from the _____.

Pneumatophores are air roots of _____ plants.

Storage roots are enlarged to store _____ and starch.

A bulb is a modified leaf where each layer is a separate _____ leaf.

A corm is a modified stem that is vertically compact and _____.

A beet is an example of a _____.

An onion is an example of a _____.

A carrot is an example of a _____.

A sweet potato is an example of a _____.

A potato is an example of a _____.

A radish is an example of a _____.

The five major functions of roots include anchoring the plant, absorbing water, storing minerals, making hormones, and _____ regeneration.

During _____, the root system first emerges from the seed coat.

The apical meristem is a group of undifferentiated cells that divide to produce increased length of _____ and roots.

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