-Sensory memory, working memory (STM), LTM -Different purpose, duration, capacity Sensory memory Short-term memory (STM) Different stages in the 3-stage memory model Displacement

Different stages in the 3-stage memory model

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Psychology - Cognitive Psychology

michael1tekrzp Created by 10 mon ago

Cards in this deck(51)

Focusing on one piece of information while placing other info in background

-An intentional record/representation of our realities (some prior event/experience) -Constructive and reconstructive process

3 basic levels of processing: encoding: info converted to a neural code storage: retain in appropriate areas of the brain retrieval: act of bringing to mind material that has already been processed

-Sensory memory, working memory (STM), LTM -Different purpose, duration, capacity

-Tested recall time by flashing rows of numbers and saw if participants could immediately recall the numbers -All 12 numbers were available in memory if they can be attended to quickly

System that holds information coming in through the senses for A FEW SECONDS or less

Visual info that lasts about 0.5 seconds

Auditory memory can last up to 4 seconds

-Info stored <30 sec without rehearsal -Also known as Working Memory -Active maintenance of info in STM

-Keeping info in STM by mentally repeating it

Shows that STM holds about 7 items

-When STM is holding its maximum -Each new item entering STM pushes out an item

Combining small pieces of information into larger clusters or chunks that are more easily held in short-term memory.

-12-30 seconds -Susceptible to interference i.e: if counting is interrupted)

-Multiple forms -Unlimited capacity and relatively permanent

-Network theory says we store memories by filing them into categories

-HM suffered from epileptic seizures -At 27, hippocampi removed -Anterograde amnesia: loss of memory from point of injury: inability to form new LTMs -lost declarative memory -retained procedural memory

Loss of memory from point of injury backwards: loss of memory from past

Sensory memory -> STM -> LTM

-Info in STM moves to LTM (b/c of physical changes that occur in neurons) -Making neural assemblies -Repeated practice builds specific neural pathways

-Prolonged action at the synapses -Repeated stimulation of a synapse causes more dendrites to grow more spines

Emotional arousal often leads to stronger emotions

-Releases fight or flight hormones (epinephrine, glucose, cortisol, proteins) -Affects the amygdala which signals the hippocampus and cerebral cortex

-Vivid images of circumstances are associated with surprising or strong emotional events

-Inability to retrieve info stored in LTM

-Info was never encoded into LTM -Some memories cannot be encoded without effort

-Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon -Interference: forgetting caused by two competing memories

when new information causes someone to forget old information

when old information causes someone to forget new information

A lapse in attention that results in memory failure

memory degrades over time

-Memory as a reconstruction -Not exact replica of event -We often highlight information that may or may not be accurate for sake of efficiency -expense of logic & consistency

-Mental representation of the world -Framework of knowledge and assumptions about people, objects, events -Affects encoding and informational recall

-The distortion of memory by misleading post-info -False memories

ability to retain the image of a visual stimulus for several minutes after it is out of view

the process of getting information out of memory storage

tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list

tendency to remember words at the end of a list especially well

tendency to recall the first terms of list

recall improved when retrieval happens in the same emotional state

recall improved when in the same context as the initial experience

encoding without any effort or awareness

-actively making meaningful associations between new and old info -encoding that requires attention and conscious effort

recall: retrieving without cues recognition: retrieving with cues retrieval cue: Info associated with stored knowledge and helps bring it to mind Spaced practice: rehearsal overtime (better LT recall)

-long learning practice session (cramming) -Poor LT memory recall

active is best; connect new information to present knowledge

-the process of categorizing information according to present knowledge -applied to studying

the process of rehearsing a skill even after you no longer improve

-Storing new info by converting it into mental pictures -Works like elaborate encoding (rhymes,location) Ex:Method of Lou, first-letter technique, keyword method...

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(TEST 3) #1

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