International Relations Concepts: War, Terrorism, and the Framework of International Law

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Political Science - International Relations

michael1tekrzp Created by 10 mon ago

Cards in this deck(40)

A war in which the main participants are within the same state, such as the government and a rebel group.

The use of violence against noncombatant targets by individuals or nonstate groups for political ends.

A body of rules that binds states and other agents in world politics and is considered to have the status of law.

Standards of behavior for actors with a given identity; norms define what actions are 'right' or appropriate under particular circumstances.

A body of rules that seeks to limit the effects of armed conflict, protect noncombatants, and restrict means and methods of warfare for humanitarian reasons.

International law that usually develops slowly, over time, as states come to recognize practices as appropriate and correct.

The degree to which states are legally bound by an international rule. High-obligation rules must be performed in good faith and, if breached, require reparations to the injured party.

The degree to which international legal obligations are fully specified. More precise rules narrow the scope for reasonable interpretation.

The degree to which third parties, such as courts, arbitrators, or mediators, are given authority to implement, interpret, and apply international legal rules; to resolve disputes over the rules; and to make additional rules.

Individuals or groups that seek to advance principled standards of behavior for states and other actors.

A set of individuals and nongovernmental organizations acting in pursuit of a normative objective.

A three-stage model of how norms diffuse within a population and achieve a taken-for-granted status.

An expression of legitimate rulemaking by nonstate actors in international affairs, including the establishment of norms governing the behavior of private global actors such as multinational corporations and international NGOs.

A process through which NGOs in one state are able to activate transnational linkages to bring pressure from other states on their own governments.

Armed conflict between actors with highly unequal military capabilities, such as when rebel groups or terrorists fight strong states.

An actor that seeks to create an independent state on territory carved from an existing state. Compare irredentist.

An actor that seeks to detach a region from one country and attach it to another, usually because of shared ethnic or religious ties. Compare separatist.

Conflicts in which two opposing states 'fight' by supporting opposite sides in a war, such as the government and rebels in a third state.

A military strategy in which small, often lightly armed units engage in hit-and-run attacks against military, government, and civilian targets.

Actors whose interests are not widely shared by others; individuals or groups that are politically weak relative to the demands they make.

A strategy of imposing or threatening to impose costs on other actors in order to induce a change in their behavior.

A strategy of terrorist attacks intended to provoke the target government into making a disproportionate response that alienates moderates in the terrorists' home society or in other sympathetic audiences.

A strategy of terrorist attacks intended to sabotage a prospective peace between the target and moderate leadership from the terrorists' home society.

A strategy of terrorist attacks designed to demonstrate superior capability and commitment relative to other groups devoted to the same cause.

Institutions that help their members cooperate militarily in the event of a war. Compare collective security organizations.

A situation in which the military capabilities of two states or groups of states are roughly equal.

A strategy in which states join forces with the stronger side in a conflict.

The condition of being dragged into an unwanted war because of the opportunistic actions of an ally.

An alliance formed in 1949 among the United States, Canada, and most of the states of Western Europe in response to the threat posed by the Soviet Union. The alliance requires its members to consider an attack on any one of them as an attack on all. Compare Warsaw Pact.

A military alliance formed in 1955 to bring together the Soviet Union and its Cold War allies in Eastern Europe and elsewhere; dissolved on March 31, 1991, as the Cold War ended. Compare North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

A collective security organization founded in 1919 after World War I. The League ended in 1946 and was replaced by the United Nations.

A collective security organization founded in 1945 after World War II. With over 190 members, the UN includes all recognized states. Compare League of Nations.

Broad-based institutions that promote peace and security among their members. Examples include the League of Nations and the United Nations. Compare alliances.

Intentional and systematic killing aimed at eliminating an identifiable group of people, such as an ethnic or religious group.

Interventions designed to relieve humanitarian crises stemming from civil conflicts or large-scale human rights abuses, including genocide.

The five permanent members of the UN Security Council: the United States, Great Britain, France, Russia (formerly the Soviet Union), and China.

The ability to prevent the passage of a measure through a unilateral act, such as a single negative vote.

A military operation in which force is used to make and/or enforce peace among warring parties that have not agreed to end their fighting. Compare peacekeeping operation.

An operation in which troops and observers are deployed to monitor a cease-fire or peace agreement. Compare peace-enforcement operation.

The main governing body of the UN, which has the authority to identify threats to international peace and security and to prescribe the organization's response, including military and/or economic sanctions.

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International Relations Concepts: War, Terrorism, and the Framework of International Law

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