How does disease occur due to parasites? Disease occurs due to genetic mutations. Disease occurs due to environmental factors. Disease occurs because of bacterial infections. Disease occurs because of changes caused by parasites.

Disease occurs because of changes caused by parasites.

What usually functions of parasitic density? Parasitic diseases caused by viruses. Parasitic diseases caused by fungi. Parasitic diseases caused by metazoan parasites like flatworms, tapeworms, nematodes. Parasitic diseases caused by bacteria.

Parasitic diseases caused by metazoan parasites like flatworms, tapeworms, nematodes.

What factors play a role in vulnerability to parasitic infections? Number of parasites and physical condition of the host. Environmental conditions and hygiene. Genetic predisposition and diet. Age and gender.

Number of parasites and physical condition of the host.

How does nutritional status affect vulnerability to parasitic infections? Malnutrition makes individuals more vulnerable to parasitic infections. A vegetarian diet decreases vulnerability. A balanced diet has no effect on vulnerability. A high-protein diet increases vulnerability.

Malnutrition makes individuals more vulnerable to parasitic infections.

What is the impact of immune status on vulnerability to parasitic infections? Immunocompromised individuals are more vulnerable. Healthy individuals are more vulnerable. Individuals with strong immune systems are more vulnerable. Individuals with allergies are more vulnerable.

Immunocompromised individuals are more vulnerable.

Where are parasitic infections more prevalent? In urban areas with high pollution levels. In poor and deprived regions, low/middle class countries, tropical and subtropical regions. In regions with high vaccination rates. In developed countries with high hygiene standards.

In poor and deprived regions, low/middle class countries, tropical and subtropical regions.

What is Pathogenesis in the context of parasitic diseases? Development of disease and the chains of events leading to it. The environmental adaptation of parasites. The genetic mutation process in parasites. The lifecycle of parasites.

Development of disease and the chains of events leading to it.

What are the four types of pathogenesis caused by parasites? Physical trauma, nutrition robbing, toxin production, host immune response and inflammation. Metabolic changes, hormonal imbalance, neurological effects, cardiovascular impact. Cell division, tissue growth, organ failure, immune suppression. Genetic mutation, environmental adaptation, lifecycle changes, reproduction.

Physical trauma, nutrition robbing, toxin production, host immune response and inflammation.

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Biology - Pathology

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Cards in this deck(100)

How does disease occur due to parasites?

Which of the following is an example of a Metazoan Parasite?

What usually functions of parasitic density?

What factors play a role in vulnerability to parasitic infections?

How does nutritional status affect vulnerability to parasitic infections?

What is the impact of immune status on vulnerability to parasitic infections?

Where are parasitic infections more prevalent?

What is Pathogenesis in the context of parasitic diseases?

What are the four types of pathogenesis caused by parasites?

What type of trauma involves the destruction of cells and tissues?

Which type of parasites are often associated with nutrition robbing?

How do IgG and IgM contribute to toxin production in parasitic infections?

What is the host immune response to parasitic infections called?

What is histopathological cell damage in parasitic infections?

What are the three types of histopathological cell damage?

What is Parenchymatous or Albuminous degeneration?

What kind of tissue damage is found in infected liver, cardiac muscle, and kidney cells?

What is Fatty Degeneration in the context of parasitic infections?

What type of tissue damage is found in parasite-laden liver cells?

What is Necrosis in the context of parasitic infections?

What is an example of Necrosis caused by parasites?

How do parasites cause tissue change?

What are the four types of tissue changes caused by parasites?

What is Hyperplasia in the context of parasitic infections?

What is an example of Hyperplasia caused by parasites?

What is Hypertrophy in the context of parasitic infections?

What is an example of Hypertrophy caused by parasites?

What is the malaria-producing organism?

What is Metaplasia in the context of parasitic infections?

What is an example of Metaplasia caused by parasites?

What is Neoplasia in the context of parasitic infections?

What is an example of Neoplasia caused by parasites?

What is a benign tumor in the context of parasitic infections?

What is a malignant tumor in the context of parasitic infections?

Which parasites are associated with cholangiocarcinoma?

What is immunity in the context of parasitic infections?

What is an antigen in the context of parasitic infections?

What is an epitope in the context of parasitic infections?

What are the two types of immunity?

What is innate immunity?

What does innate immunity include?

What is adaptive immunity?

What is the difference between innate and adaptive immunity?

How do innate and adaptive immunity work together?

What are hematopoietic stem cells?

What is hematopoiesis?

Where does hematopoiesis occur in adults?

What are progenitor cells?

What are the types of progenitor cells?

Which cells undergo further maturation outside the bone marrow?

Which cells mature in the thymus?

What type of cells develop from myeloid progenitors?

What are granulocytes?

What is the role of neutrophils in the immune response?

What is the role of eosinophils in the immune response?

What is the role of basophils in the immune response?

What is the role of mast cells in the immune response?

What is the role of monocytes in the immune response?

What two cells are specialized for phagocytosis?

What cell is capable of presenting antigens to T-Cells?

Which cell is capable of capturing and processing antigens?

Which cell plays a role in bridging innate and adaptive immunity?

What are monocytes called in the liver?

What are monocytes called in the CNS?

What forms platelets?

Which cells are responsible for making platelets?

What is the role of platelets in parasitic infections?

What is the role of RBC in parasitic infections?

What are the three main types of lymphoid progenitor?

What are cytotoxic cells in the context of parasitic infections?

What is MHC Class II in the context of parasitic infections?

How do T-cells interact with antigen-presenting cells?

What are B lymphocytes in the context of parasitic infections?

What are plasma cells in the context of parasitic infections?

What are memory B cells in the context of parasitic infections?

What are T lymphocytes in the context of parasitic infections?

What are the three types of transcription factors in the context of parasitic infections?

What activates macrophages and lymphocytes in the context of parasitic infections?

Which transcription factor mediates inflammation and fever in the context of parasitic infections?

What activates endothelial cells to allow lymphocytes and phagocytes to pass through the vessel wall?

What are T-helper cells in the context of parasitic infections?

What are cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the context of parasitic infections?

What is lysis in the context of parasitic infections?

What are T-memory cells in the context of parasitic infections?

What are innate lymphoid cells in the context of parasitic infections?

What are physical barriers to infections in the context of parasitic infections?

What is the first line of physical defense in the context of parasitic infections?

What is the purpose of natural killer cells in the context of parasitic infections?

What are PAMPs in the context of parasitic infections?

What are DAMPs in the context of parasitic infections?

What are PRRs in the context of parasitic infections?

What are TLRs in the context of parasitic infections?

How are antimicrobial peptides produced in the context of parasitic infections?

What is the significance of PAMP+TLR in the context of parasitic infections?

What is GPI in the context of parasitic infections?

What is endocytosis in the context of parasitic infections?

What is phagocytosis in the context of parasitic infections?

What are opsonin proteins in the context of parasitic infections?

What is the process of phagocytosis in the context of parasitic infections?

What are examples of typical phagocytes in the context of parasitic infections?

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