What is smooth muscle and where is it predominantly found? Nonstriated, voluntary muscle found in the heart Striated, voluntary muscle found in limbs Striated, involuntary muscle found in the skin Nonstriated, involuntary muscle found in hollow organs and tubes

Nonstriated, involuntary muscle found in hollow organs and tubes

Are contractile fibers arranged in sarcomeres in smooth muscles? Yes, they are arranged in sarcomeres No, they are not arranged in sarcomeres They are arranged in a different pattern Only in certain types of smooth muscles

No, they are not arranged in sarcomeres

Describe two characteristics of smooth muscle contractions. Contraction alters dimensions of organ and lasts longer than skeletal muscle Contraction is quick and does not alter organ dimensions Contraction is similar to cardiac muscle and lasts shorter Contraction is weak and does not affect organ function

Contraction alters dimensions of organ and lasts longer than skeletal muscle

What are the types of smooth muscle? Fast-twitch and slow-twitch Voluntary and involuntary Cardiac and skeletal Single unit (visceral) and multi-unit

Single unit (visceral) and multi-unit

How do single-unit smooth muscle fibers work? Through chemical signals only In a syncytial fashion, where electrical stimulation of one cell leads to stimulation of adjacent cells Independently, without affecting adjacent cells By direct nerve stimulation only

In a syncytial fashion, where electrical stimulation of one cell leads to stimulation of adjacent cells

Where are single-unit smooth muscles found? Eyes, ears, nose, throat Heart, lungs, brain, liver GI tract, reproductive organs, urinary bladder, small blood vessels Skin, bones, joints, tendons

GI tract, reproductive organs, urinary bladder, small blood vessels

What is the difference between single-unit and multi-unit smooth muscles? Multi-unit muscles are electrically connected, single-unit are not Single-unit muscles are electrically connected, multi-unit are not Neither are electrically connected Both are electrically connected

Single-unit muscles are electrically connected, multi-unit are not

How do actin and myosin in smooth muscle compare to those in skeletal muscle? Filaments are longer and arranged centrally with more myosin Filaments are longer and arranged around the periphery with less myosin Filaments are the same length and arranged similarly with equal myosin Filaments are shorter and arranged randomly with more myosin

Filaments are longer and arranged around the periphery with less myosin

Comprehensive Study of Smooth Muscle Structure and Function

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Biology - Physiology

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Cards in this deck(64)

What is smooth muscle and where is it predominantly found?

Are contractile fibers arranged in sarcomeres in smooth muscles?

Describe two characteristics of smooth muscle contractions.

What are the types of smooth muscle?

Where are single-unit smooth muscle fibers typically seen?

How are single-unit smooth muscles connected?

How do single-unit smooth muscle fibers work?

Where are single-unit smooth muscles found?

What is the difference between single-unit and multi-unit smooth muscles?

How do actin and myosin in smooth muscle compare to those in skeletal muscle?

What does actin contain in smooth muscles?

The myosin isoform in smooth muscle has _____ ATPase activity compared to skeletal muscle.

Are there T tubules in smooth muscle?

What anchors actin filaments in smooth muscles?

How can contraction of smooth muscles be initiated?

What calcium channel is opened for smooth muscle contraction?

Sustained contraction in smooth muscles requires _____ Ca2+.

What happens when calcium is removed from smooth muscles?

What are the steps involved in smooth muscle contraction?

What is the ryanodine receptor (RyR) in smooth muscle?

Describe the cross-bridging cycle for smooth muscles.

When does cross-bridging for smooth muscles end?

Which cross-bridging cycle is slower, skeletal or smooth muscle?

The maximum force generated is _____ in smooth muscle than in skeletal muscle.

Smooth muscle contraction is '_____ -filament' regulated; skeletal muscle contraction is '_____ -filament' regulated.

What are the steps involved in smooth muscle relaxation?

What determines the level of tension in smooth muscles?

Describe the full contraction and relaxation process in smooth muscles.

What are the types of smooth muscle contractions?

What is phasic contraction in smooth muscles?

What is tonic contraction in smooth muscles?

In tonic contractions, intracellular [Ca++] and cross-bridge phosphorylation _____ after the initial spike, but do not return to baseline.

The force of tonic contractions _____ increase and is sustained at a _____ level.

What is the latch state of tonic contraction in smooth muscles?

How is muscle contraction regulated in smooth muscles?

How is relaxation regulated in smooth muscles?

How do K+ channels regulate relaxation of smooth muscles?

When are cGMP levels increased in smooth muscles?

How are cGMP levels raised in smooth muscles?

How does cGMP regulate Ca2+ efflux in smooth muscles?

How do erectile dysfunction drugs work in relation to smooth muscles?

What does PDE5 do in smooth muscles?

What happens if PDE5 is inhibited in smooth muscles?

What effect does increased cAMP have on smooth muscles?

What does the autonomic effect depend on in smooth muscles?

Which muscles contain autonomic innervation?

What does parasympathetic stimulation of the small intestine cause?

What does sympathetic stimulation of the small intestine cause?

What does parasympathetic stimulation of bronchial smooth muscles cause?

What does sympathetic stimulation of bronchial smooth muscle cause?

Blood vessels receive what type of stimulation?

What does sympathetic innervation of blood vessels cause?

In skeletal muscle, _____ generates most force.

For smooth muscle, maximal tension is generated over a _____ range of lengths.

What is plasticity in smooth muscles?

What factors contribute to plasticity in smooth muscles?

Contraction velocities are _____ in smooth muscle.

Both cross-bridge cycling rates and the number of active cross-bridges are _____ in smooth muscles.

What affects the muscle velocity of smooth muscle contraction?

If there is a high phosphorylation of MLC, what does that mean for the contraction of smooth muscle?

Velocity may be due to _____ release of myosin cross-bridges from actin.

What does the force-velocity relationship depend on in smooth muscles?

If you increase MLC, you increase _____ in smooth muscles.

If you increase phosphorylation in smooth muscle, you increase _____ .

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Comprehensive Study of Smooth Muscle Structure and Function

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