psy 480 midterm

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Psychology - Psychopathology

andrsonztdc Created by 10 mon ago

Cards in this deck(58)

diverse paths or factors can be associated w/ same outcome

same experience can lead to diverse outcomes

traits or behavior of a disorder change over development

traits or behaviors of a disorder are mostly the same form over development

1. multiple pathways to psychopatholgy exist 2. normative & atypical development are mutually informative 3. vulnerabilities, risk, & protective factors influence the likelihood of developing problems 4. development unfolds in continuous & discontinuous ways 5. models of development are not simple & linear 6. biology interacts w/ environment to shape development

biological traits internal to the person examples; temperament, genetics

environmental experiences external to the person example: home & family

unexpectedly good outcomes or competence despite the presence of adversity or risk

variables that mitigate risks & vulnerabilities

structural composition of DNA

observable characteristics (physical & behavioral) that result from gene x environment

already presenting traits to a susceptible mental illness

is the genetic vulnerability to said mental illness -

genetic factors in parents influence the environment for their children example: maternal affects parent-child interactions

genetic factors influence a child's selection of environments example: child w/ low dopamine processing alleles chooses bad social group

genetically influenced behaviors elicit reactions from others that exacerbate vulnerabilities example: child w/ genetically-influenced impulsive behaviors parent's use of negative parenting techniques

an impulsive retaliation for another person's intentional or accidental action, verbal or physical

deliberate aggression against another as a means of obtaining a desired goal

the study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change

Directly act on or change the source of stress or one's emotions. example: problem-solving, emotional modulation & expression

Adapt to the stressor. example: acceptance, cognitive reappraisal, positive thinking, distraction

Avoid or deny the source of stress. example: cognitive/behavioral avoidance, denial, wishful thinking

Having problems staying on task, paying attention, or being organized, which are not due to defiance or a lack of comprehension

Being extremely restless or constantly moving, including in situations when it is not appropriate

Dopamine

serotonin

low birth weight alcohol consumption lead exposure

smoking, exposure to violent media, dietary (dyes)

learning complex motor behaviors, timing of beh, and temporal-dependent learning

Reduce core symptoms in 70% of cases; include Ritalin, Dexedrine

Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorders; A pattern of angry/irritable mood, argumentative/defiant behavior, or vindictiveness lasting at least 6 months

Individuals show at least one symptom characteristic of conduct disorder prior to age 10 years

irritable & argumentative vs outward aggression towards others, destruction of property, serious violation of rules

ODD: prevalence stays constant or declines slightly into adolescence. CD: prevalence rises in adolescence then declines after 17

parent management training; To change child behavior you must change how the social environment reacts to them

unintentionally reinforcing negative behavior. giving into the child

therapists teach parents to work with their child positively, to set appropriate limits, to act consistently, to be fair in their discipline decisions, and to establish more appropriate expectations regarding the child

The first component of PCIT Praise appropriate behavior Reflect what the child Imitate the child's appropriate actions avoid directing or leading the child

The second component of PCIT in which parents learn to give clear, effective commands and discipline in a noncoercive manner (i.e., using time out)

example: Bear is coming in room, Fight/flight response, cascade of biological effects in body

Concern that bear may come in the room when we least expect it, Anticipation of negative outcomes, tension, negative affect. Many of same psychophysiological indicators as fear

Extreme fight/flight response in absence of actual danger Symptoms akin to suffocating, having a heart attack, completely losing control

exposure to traumatic events

observational learning or modeling, child sees fear behavior in others

child acquires fear through talking about fearful things w/ others

child copes w anxiety by avoiding fearful stimulus (negative reinforcement)

dysthymia (persistent depressive disorder)

diminished pleasure in preferred activities

norepinephrine (arousal)

SSRI selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors SNRI serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors TCA tricyclic antidepressants (NE reuptake inhibitors) DNRI dopamine norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors

medication augmentation , somatic & psychotherapeutic therapies

brain stimulation, electroconvulsive, deep brain stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation

ketamine, psilocybin, anti-inflammatories

Focuses on increasing pleasurable activities and events, and providing the individual with the skills necessary to obtain more reinforcement

Teaches depressed people to identify ,challenge, and modify negative thought processes

Focus on relieving symptoms by improving interpersonal functioning

a depressive disorder in children characterized by persistent irritability and frequent episodes of out-of-control behavior

Callousness vs. Prosociality Daring/Sensation Seeking vs. Fearful Inhibition Emotional Lability vs. Emotional Stability

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psy 480 midterm

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