What is a cohort study in epidemiology? Assigned participants to treatment or control groups Collected data at a single point in time Followed a group of individuals over time Compared populations across different regions

Followed a group of individuals over time

How is birth rate calculated in a population? # of new cases / Total Population # of live births / Total Population # of recovered cases / Total Population # of deaths / Total Population

# of live births / Total Population

What characterizes a cross-sectional study? Collected data at a single point and time Assigned participants to different groups Compared disease rates across countries Followed individuals over several years

Collected data at a single point and time

What is an RCT in clinical research? Collected data at a single point in time Assigned participants to either a treatment or control group, then measured their outcomes Followed a group of individuals over time Compared disease rates across different regions

Assigned participants to either a treatment or control group, then measured their outcomes

What is the median in statistical analysis? Measure of central location generally preferred for summarizing skewed data such as incubation period Average of all data points Most frequently occurring value Difference between the highest and lowest values

Measure of central location generally preferred for summarizing skewed data such as incubation period

What is sensitivity in the context of diagnostic tests? Likelihood that a person with a positive test result has the disease Intrinsic characteristic of a test that correctly identifies the positive individuals Intrinsic characteristic of a test that correctly identifies non-affected individuals Likelihood that a person with a negative test result does not have the disease

Intrinsic characteristic of a test that correctly identifies the positive individuals

What is an example of a cross-sectional study? Comparing disease rates across different countries A survey is conducted to assess the prevalence of obesity among adults in a specific region at a single point in time Randomly assigning patients to a new drug treatment or placebo group Following a group of smokers and non-smokers over 10 years

A survey is conducted to assess the prevalence of obesity among adults in a specific region at a single point in time

What is an example of an RCT? Comparing disease rates across different countries Following a group of individuals over time to study birth outcomes Patients with hypertension are randomly assigned to either a new drug treatment group or a placebo group, and their blood pressure levels are measured over six months. A survey is conducted to assess the prevalence of obesity among adults

Patients with hypertension are randomly assigned to either a new drug treatment group or a placebo group, and their blood pressure levels are measured over six months.

What is an ecological study in epidemiology? Randomly assigning participants to treatment or control groups The incidence of a particular disease is compared across different countries to explore the association between air pollution levels and disease rates Collecting data at a single point in time Following a group of individuals over time

The incidence of a particular disease is compared across different countries to explore the association between air pollution levels and disease rates