How does the law of conservation of energy relate to the first law of thermodynamics? It indicates that energy can be destroyed under certain conditions. It states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed. It suggests that energy is always lost in any process. It implies that energy can be created from nothing.

It states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed.

What happens to the internal energy and temperature of a system when mechanical work is done on it? Internal energy decreases and temperature decreases. Internal energy increases and temperature increases. Internal energy decreases and temperature remains constant. Internal energy remains constant and temperature decreases.

Internal energy increases and temperature increases.

With respect to orderly and disorderly states, what do natural systems tend to do? Can a disorderly state ever transform into an orderly state? Natural systems tend to move from order to disorder, but work can bring order. Natural systems cannot change states without external influence. Natural systems always remain in a state of order. Natural systems tend to move from disorder to order naturally.

Natural systems tend to move from order to disorder, but work can bring order.

The temperature of the Sun's interior is about \[ 10^7 \] degrees. Does it matter whether this is degrees Celsius or kelvins? Yes, it changes the physical properties. No, the difference is insignificant. No, both scales are identical. Yes, it significantly affects calculations.

No, the difference is insignificant.

If you vigorously shake a can of chicken broth for more than a minute, will the temperature of the broth increase? Yes, doing mechanical work on it increases temperature. Yes, but only if the broth is heated externally. No, shaking does not affect temperature. No, temperature remains constant regardless of shaking.

Yes, doing mechanical work on it increases temperature.

How does the ideal efficiency of an automobile relate to the temperature of the engine and the environment? Efficiency increases with higher engine temperature only. Efficiency is independent of temperature. Efficiency depends on the temperature difference between engine and environment. Efficiency decreases with higher environmental temperature only.

Efficiency depends on the temperature difference between engine and environment.

Under what conditions would a heat engine be 100% efficient? If the cold reservoir were at absolute zero. If both reservoirs were at the same temperature. If the hot reservoir were at absolute zero. If the engine operates in a vacuum.

If the cold reservoir were at absolute zero.

Is the total energy of the universe becoming more unavailable with time? Explain. No, energy becomes more available over time. No, energy availability remains constant. Yes, due to cooling and constant temperature reducing energy's ability to do work. Yes, but only in isolated systems.

Yes, due to cooling and constant temperature reducing energy's ability to do work.

Chapter 18

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Physics - Thermodynamics

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Cards in this deck(12)

How does the law of conservation of energy relate to the first law of thermodynamics?

What happens to the internal energy and temperature of a system when mechanical work is done on it?

With respect to orderly and disorderly states, what do natural systems tend to do? Can a disorderly state ever transform into an orderly state?

What is the physicist's term for the measure of the amount of disorder in a system?

The temperature of the Sun's interior is about \[ 10^7 \] degrees. Does it matter whether this is degrees Celsius or kelvins?

If you vigorously shake a can of chicken broth for more than a minute, will the temperature of the broth increase?

How does the ideal efficiency of an automobile relate to the temperature of the engine and the environment?

What happens to the efficiency of a heat engine when the temperature of the reservoir into which thermal energy is transferred is lowered?

Under what conditions would a heat engine be 100% efficient?

Is the total energy of the universe becoming more unavailable with time? Explain.

According to the second law of thermodynamics, is the universe moving to a more ordered state or to a more disordered state?

Heat always flows spontaneously from an object with a higher temperature to an object with a lower temperature. Is this the same as saying that heat always flows from an object with greater internal energy to one with less internal energy?

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Chapter 18

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