For each of the following pairs of issues, which is likely to involve the lower proportionate underwriting

Question:

For each of the following pairs of issues, which is likely to involve the lower proportionate underwriting and administrative costs?
a. A large issue/a small issue.
b. A bond issue/a issue.
c. Initial public offering/subsequent issue of stock.
d. A small private placement of bonds/a small general cash offer of bonds.

Common Stock
Common stock is an equity component that represents the worth of stock owned by the shareholders of the company. The common stock represents the par value of the shares outstanding at a balance sheet date. Public companies can trade their stocks on...