George Johnson is the head coach of a college football team that trains and competes at home on artificial turf. George is concerned that the 40-yard sprint time recorded by his players and others increases substantially when running on natural turf as opposed to artificial turf. If so, there is little comparison between his players€™ speed and that of their opponents whenever his team plays on grass. The next opponent of George€™s team plays on grass, so he surveyed all the starters in the next game and obtained their best 40-yard sprint times. He then compared them with the best times turned in by his own players. The results are shown in the table that follows:

Do Coach Johnson€™s players have a lower mean sprint time? Assuming normality, test at the 0.05 level of significance to advise Coach Johnson.
a. Solve using the p-value approach.
b. Solve using the classical approach.

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Mean (sec) 4.85 4.96 Std. Dev. 0.31 0.42 Player Group Artificial turf Grass