Given the protection state shown in Figure and the rules shown in Figure, do the following.

a. Explain how S3 can cause the protection state to be changed so that it has write access to F2.

b. Specify two different ways by which S3 can obtain read permission to F1.

c. Explain whether S3 can obtain seek permission to D1 from S1. Why or why not?

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S, S, S2 S3 D2 F1 F2 D, block seek control control read* Owner write* wakeup Owner OWner S2 seek* update control stop owner Owner control delete execute S3 Owner Command by So Authorization Effect Rule AIS, XI = A[S, XI Ułala*) 1 transfer {ala*) to (S, X) a*e A[Sp, XI A[S, X] = A[S, X) ufala*} owner e A[Sp, X] grant {alu*} to (S, X) controle AIS,, SI AIS, XI = A[S, XI -{a} delete a from (S, X) or owner e A[S,. X]