Given what you know about the involvement of nicotinamide nucleotides in oxidative and reductive metabolic reactions, predict whether the following intracellular concentration ratios should be 1, > 1, or < 1. Explain your answers.
(a) [NAD+] / [NADH]
(b) [NADP+] / [NADPH]
(c) Since NAD+ and NADP+ are essentially equivalent in their tendency to attract electrons, discuss how the two concentration ratios might be maintained inside cells at greatly differing values.