Identical isolated conducting spheres 1 and 2 have equal charges and are separated by a distance that is large compared with their diameters (Figure a). The electrostatic force acting on sphere 2 due to sphere 1 is F. Suppose now that a third identical sphere 3, having an insulating handle and initially neutral, is touched first to sphere 1 (Figure b), then to sphere 2 (Figure c), and finally removed (Figure d). The electrostatic force that now acts on sphere 2 has magnitude F'. What is the ratioF'/F?

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(a) (6) (c) (d) 14.수