In a study conducted by the Department of Zoology at Virginia Tech. fifteen samples of water were

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In a study conducted by the Department of Zoology at Virginia Tech. fifteen "samples" of water were collected from a certain station in the James River in order to gain some insight regarding the amount of ortho phosphorous in the river. The concentration of the chemical is measured in milligrams per liter. Let us suppose that the mean at the station is not as important as the upper extremes of the distribution of the chemical at the station. Concern centers around whether the concentrations at these extremes are too large. Readings for the fifteen water samples gave a sample mean of 3.84 milligrams per liter and sample standard deviation of 3.07 milligrams per liter. Assume that the readings are a random sample from a normal distribution. Calculate a prediction interval (upper 95% prediction limit) and a tolerance limit (95% upper tolerance limit that exceeds 95% of the population of value). Interpret both; that is, tell what each communicates to us about the upper extremes of the distribution of ortho phosphorous at the sampling station.

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