In a study of heat stress on cows, researchers measured the rectal temperature (°C) for 1,280 lactating cows (Y) and relative humidity (%) (A*).28 The following graph displays the data and regression line (solid line). There are two other pairs of lines on this graph: dashed and dotted. One pair of lines shows the 95% confidence band, and the other shows the 95% prediction band.
(a) Which pair of lines shows the confidence band? What does this band tell us?
(b) Which pair of lines shows us the prediction band? What does this band tell us?
(c) If the data set were smaller, describe what would happen to these bands. Would we have narrower or wider bands around the regression line?

43 39 37 36 30 40 50 70 80 90 Relative humidity (%)