Question: In a study of randomly selected subjects, it is found that there is a strong correlation between household income and number of visits to dentists.

In a study of randomly selected subjects, it is found that there is a strong correlation between household income and number of visits to dentists. Is it valid to conclude that higher incomes cause people to visit dentists more often? Is it valid to conclude that more visits to dentists cause people to have higher incomes? How might the correlation be explained?

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