In Example 10.1 we considered conditions for which vigorous boiling occurs in a pan of water, and we determined the electric power (heat rate) required to maintain a prescribed temperature for the bottom of the pan. However, the electric power is, in fact the control (independent) variable, from which the temperature of the pan follows.

(a) For nucleate boiling in the copper pan of Example 10.1, compute and plot the temperature of the pan as a function of the heat rate for 1 < q < 100 kW.

(b) If the water is initially at room temperature, it must, of course, be heated for a period of time before it will boil. Consider conditions shortly after heating is initiated and the water is at 20°C. Estimate the temperature of the pan bottom for a heat rate of 8 kW.