In the following cases, what happens, if anything, to the nation's unemployment rate?
a. Individuals have their weekly hours cut from 40 to 30 hours.
b. Massive layoffs occur due to a decline in economic activity.
c. A sharp reduction in college and university applications occurs because high school students decide to work rather than get advanced degrees. It takes six months for them to find employment.
d. Due to a sluggish economy, many of the high school graduates in Question 4c get jobs that are substantially below their abilities.
e. There is a significant increase in the number of homemakers looking for work to pay for their children's university educations.
f. Due to a rapidly growing economy, executives with well-paying jobs send their résumés and letters of application to potential employers offering more interesting positions.