Recall the macroscopic description of TCP throughput. In the period of time from when the connection's rate varies from W/(2. RTT) to W/RTT, only one packet is lost (at the very end of the period).
a. Show that the loss rate (fraction of packets lost) is equal to

b. Use the result above to show that if a connection has loss rate L, then its average rate is approximately given by

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L loss rate3 4. 1.22 MSS RTTNL