16. In Chapter 12, we computed the chi-squared statistic for the data shown in Table 22.2 to be 4.82.

a. Specify the hypotheses that were being examined in this study.

b. Verify that the p-value accompanying this test is about 0.03.

c. Suppose a friend were to try to explain to you that a p-value of 0.03 also tells us that there is a 97% chance that there is a relationship between smoking and cycles to pregnancy (first versus two or more). Is your friend correct?
Explain why or why not.

d. Consider a smoker who wants to get pregnant, who is trying to decide whether to reject the null hypothesis for this study. Explain the consequences of making a type 1 or type 2 error for this situation.