Consider the following narrative describing the process of filling a customer’s order at a Starbucks branch:

A Starbucks customer entered the drive-through lane and stopped to review the menu. He then ordered a Venti coffee of the day and a blueberry muffin from the barista. The barista recorded the order in the cash register. While the customer drove to the window, the barista filled a Venti cup with coffee, put a lid on it, and retrieved the muffin from the pastry case and placed it in a bag. The barista handed the bag with the muffin and the hot coffee to the customer. The customer has an option to pay with cash, credit card, or Starbucks gift card. The customer paid with a gift card. The barista recorded the payment and returned the card along with the receipt to the customer.

Use BPMN to model Starbucks’ process of taking a customer order using the following independent assumptions:

a. No additional assumptions. Identify the start and end events and the tasks that the barista performs. Include any gateways whenever there are alternative tasks?

b. The barista prepares each item in the order before delivering the order to the customer. Model the process to include a looping task?

c. The coffee needs time to brew and isn’t immediately available. The barista asks the customer if he wants to wait. If the customer waits, 5 minutes will pass, and then the coffee can be prepared. Model the process to include an intermediate error event and a intermediate timer event?

d. The manager wants to see the interaction between the barista and the customer. Model the process with two pools, message flows, and intermediate message events to show that interaction?