Transformations. In some data sets, a transformation by some mathematical function applied to the original data, such as Vy or log y, can result in data that are simpler to work with statistically than the original data. To illustrate the effect of a transformation, consider the following data, which repre- sent cycles to failure for a yarn product: 675, 3650, 175, 1150, 290, 2000, 100, 375.

(a) Construct a normal probability plot and comment on the shape of the data distribution.

(b) Transform the data using logarithms; that is, let y* (new value)-logy (old value). Construct a normal probability plot of the transformed data and comment on the effect of the transformation.