A clinical trial involved the use of a nicotine gum as an aid to help smokers stop smoking. The clinical trial involved 1,000 college students who were paid for their participation, and the results showed that the nicotine gum treatment was highly successful. The researchers concluded that the use of their nicotine gum would be a successful treatment for the population of all smokers.

Determine which of the eight guidelines appears to be most relevant. Explain your reasoning.