In a series RL circuit, the impedance Z can be represented as the hypotenuse of a right triangle that has legs R (resistance) and X_L (inductive reactance). The angle ∅ between R and Z is called the phase angle. See Fig. 4.48. If R = 12.0 Ω and X_L = 15.0 Ω, find the impedance and the phase angle.

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N Φ R Fig. 4.48 XL