Think about a past or current job. Looking at Figure 2, External and Internal Accountability Measures, how would you describe leaders in the organization? Did you notice a difference between your immediate manager and others? How did your manager’s way of holding you accountable—punishing, micromanaging, directing, or supporting—affect your work? What does this exercise tell you about your preferred way of working?

Figure 2

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What Leaders Do When Leaders Act Typical Focus Likely Outcomes for Employees and Coworkers PUNISHING Discipline people for poor performance or work habits After problems surface Punishing and blaming Feeling fearful and victimized MICRO- MANAGING Criticize minor mistakes Constantly Babysitting and correcting Feeling mistrusted and dependent DIRECTING Assign and schedule tasks; provide checklists Before problems surface Teaching and evaluating Feeling devalued; doing the minimum SUPPORTING Specify results, measure progress regularly, and provide coaching Ongoing but not too frequently Solving problems collaboratively Feeling valued, self-reliant, and focused on development