In Richland, Washington, Robert Ingersoll planned his wedding to include about a hundred guests, a photographer, a caterer, a wedding cake, and flowers. Ingersoll had been a customer of Arlene’s Flowers and Gifts for more than nine years and had spent several thousand dollars at the shop. When he approached Arlene’s owner, Baronelle Stutzman, to buy flowers for his wedding, she refused because Ingersoll and his fiancé, Curt Freed, were a same-sex couple. Deeply offended, Ingersoll and Freed dropped their wedding plans and married in a modest ceremony. [Arlene’s Flowers, Inc., v. State of Washington, ___ U.S. ___, 138 S.Ct. 2671, 201 L.Ed.2d 1067 (2018)] (See Advertising, Marketing, and Sales.) 

(a) Federal and state laws attempt to protect consumers from unfair trade practices, including discriminatory requirements, related to consumer transactions. Using the Review step of the IDDR approach, consider whether it would be ethically fair to hold Stutzman personally liable for a violation of these laws. 

(b) Using the Discussion step of the IDDR approach, consider actions that Ingersoll and Freed as consumers might take in response to Arlene’s—Stutzman’s—discriminatory rejection of their offer to do business.