Schaeffer boarded a 30-passenger, single-aisle turboprop airplane carrying two pieces of baggage.

When asked by a flight attendant to surrender one carry-on for proper storage, he refused and became verbally abusive. The captain of the plane decided not to depart with the disruptive passenger on board because he was concerned about the safety of the flight. When asked to leave the plane, Schaeffer refused, and the Port Authority police were called to remove him.

Must a passenger who has boarded a plane that has not taken off leave the plane when told to do so by an authorized representative? Explain. Schaeffer v. Cavallero, 54 F. Supp.2d 350 (S.D.N.Y.).