A big-toe problem A bunion on the big toe is fairly uncommon in youth and often requires surgery. Doctors used X-rays to measure the angle (in degrees) of deformity on the big toe in a random sample of 37 patients under the age of 21 who came to a medical center for surgery to correct a bunion. The angle is a measure of the seriousness of the deformity. For these 37 patients, the mean angle of deformity was 24.76 degrees and the standard deviation was 6.34 degrees. A dotplot of the data revealed no outliers or strong skewness.26

(a) Construct and interpret a 90% confidence interval for the mean angle of deformity in the population of all such patients.

(b) Researchers omitted one patient with a deformity angle of 50 degrees from the analysis due to a measurement issue. What effect would including this outlier have on the confidence interval in part (a)?

Justify your answer without doing any calculations.