(a) Generally, the first ionization energies of elements in the same period increase upon going to higher atomic number. Why?

(b) Examine the data for the p-block elements given in Fig. 1F.9. Note any exceptions to the rule given in part (a). How are these exceptions explained?

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Ionization energy, I He Li Ne Na Ar Kr Rb Xe Cs s block p block d block f block JN Rn 1 Fr Atomic number, Z FIGURE 1F.9 The periodic variation of the first ionization energies of the elements.