Look at the table of electron configurations in Appendix c. Which elements have configurations that are exceptions
Question:
Look at the table of electron configurations in Appendix c. Which elements have configurations that are exceptions to the aufbau principle? Propose a reason why these elements have these exceptions.
Data from appendix c
Transcribed Image Text:
N 1 2 + 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 Element Configuration H 15¹ He 15² Li [He]2s¹ Be [He]2s² [He]2s²2p¹ [He]2s²2p² [He]2s²2p³ [He]2s²2p* [He]2s²2p³ [He]2s²2p6 [Ne]3s¹ [Ne]3s² [Ne]3s²3p¹ AUZO Z Z Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co [Ne]3s²3p² [Ne]3s 3p³ [Ne]3s²3p4 [Ne]3s 3p5 [Ne]3s²3p6 [Ar]4s¹ [Ar]4s² [Ar]3d¹4s² [Ar]3d²4s² [Ar]3d³4s² [Ar]3d³4s¹ [Ar]3d³45² [Ar]3d 4s² [Ar]3d¹4² Ni [Ar]3d³45² Cu [Ar]3d¹⁰45¹ Zn [Ar]3d¹⁰45² Ga [Ar]3d¹04s²4p¹ Ge [Ar]3d¹⁰45²4p² As [Ar]3d¹04s²4p³ Se [Ar]3d¹04s²4p+ Br [Ar]3d¹04s²4p³ Kr [Ar]3d¹04s²4p6 N 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 7 48 49 50 47 50 Element Configuration 72 75 Rb [Kr]5s¹ Sr [Kr]55² Y [Kr]4d¹5s² Zr [Kr]4d²5s² Nb [Kr]4d¹5s¹ Mo [Kr]4d³5s¹ Tc [Kr]4d65s² Ru [Kr]4d' 5s¹ Rh [Kr]4d³5s¹ Pd [Kr]4d10 [Kr]4d¹05¹ [Kr]4d¹055² [Kr]4d¹055²5p¹ [Kr]4d¹05s²5p² [Kr]4d¹05s²5p³ [Kr]4d¹05525p4 [Kr]4d¹05s²5ps [Kr]4d¹055²5p6 73 Ag Cd In 51 52 53 54 55 56 Ba 57 La 58 Ce 59 Pr 60 Nd 61 Pm 62 Sm 63 Eu 64 65 Sn Sb Te [Xe]6s¹ [Xe]6s² [Xe]5d¹6s² [Xe]4f¹5d¹6s² [Xe]4far [Xe]4f¹6s² [Xe]4f6r2 [Xe]4f6s? [Xe]4f762 [Xe]4f¹5d¹6s² [Xe]4f®6? 66 Dy [Xe]4/06r 67 Ho [Xe]4f1162 68 Er [Xe]4f*26r? 69 Tm [Xe]4f36r2 70 Yb [Xe]4f1462 71 Lu [Xe]4145d6r Hf [Xe]4f¹45d²6s² Ta [Xe]4f¹45d³6s² I Xe Cs Gd Tb Z 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 Element W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg TI Pb Bi Po At Rn Rf Db Configuration [Xe]4f145 đ6g? [Xe]4f14562 [Xe]4/145d6s? [Xe]4f145d6s? [Xe]4f¹45dº6s¹ [Xe]4f**5¢06r! [Xe]4f145g16g? Sg Bh [Xe]4f45d!06r6p! [Xe]4f**5d!06r6p2 [Xe]4f145¢106s6p* [Xe]4f145¢106s26p* [Xe]4f**5¢!6r6p* [Xe]4f**5d106r6p Fr Ra Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md [Rn]5f¹³75² No [Rn]5f¹47² Lr [Rn]5f¹46d¹75² [Rn]5f¹46d²75² [Rn]5f¹46d³75² [Rn]5f¹46d75² [Rn]5f¹46d³75² Hs [Rn]5f¹46d675² Mt [Rn]5f¹46d775² [Rn]7s¹ [Rn]7s² [Rn]6d¹7s² [Rn]6d²7s² [Rn]5f6d¹7s [Rn]5f³6d¹7s² [Rn]5f¹6d¹7s² [Rn]5f673² [Rn]5f¹7s² [Rn]5f6d¹7s² [Rn]5f7s² [Rn]5f¹07,² [Rn]5f¹¹75² [Rn] 5¹27²
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Authors: Lawrence S. Brown, Tom Holme
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