Arrange the following aqueous solutions in order of increasing freezing point, assuming ideal behavior: 0.05 m sucrose, 0.02 m NaCl, 0.01 m CaCl₂, 0.03 m HCl.
Strategy

The freezing point of a solution depends on the overall molal concentration of solute particles. Because several of these solutes are electrolytes, the concentration of particles is the product of the van’t Hoff factor with the molal concentration of the solute.