1. Why is there such an ‘imbalance between supplier and retailer’?

2. Given the obvious high price mark-up, on for example a pair of sports shoes, how justifiable are the claims made by the shoe manufacturers for the maintaining of such low labour costs?

3. One strategy producers might adopt to strengthen their bargaining position with western buyers and retailers is to form a producers’ cartel. What difficulties might producers experience in maintaining and 

operating such an arrangement successfully?

4. What difficulties might there be in creating and maintaining an international fair-trading standard?