Question: 14. Solve the equation = P to find k = k0, where = p/q. The chain is positive recurrent if and only

14. Solve the equation π = π P to find πk = ρkπ0, where ρ = p/q. The chain is positive recurrent if and only if p < q. In order to distinguish between transience and null recurrence, consider a simple random walk on S at the times of leftward steps.

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