Label the following as True, False, or Uncertain and explain your choice. (Uncertain means that it can be either true or false depending upon the circumstances).

a. Any economy that experiences a total fertility rate equal to the replacement rate would have a stationary population.

b. The induced innovation hypothesis suggests a negative feedback loop in terms of how population growth affects the degradation of agricultural lands.

c. Countries going though a demographic transition can easily be identified because they would be experiencing a decline in their population growth rate.

d. According to the economic theory of fertility, imposing a social security system to provide for a more secure retirement should increase the rate of population growth.

e. By lowering the death rate, programs to stem infant mortality tend to increase the rate of population growth.

f. In communities where the Grameen Bank has operated, fertility rates have typically fallen because the bank provides low-interest loans for contraceptive devices.